失眠認知行為治療 第08課:放鬆訓練
想同失眠講拜拜?以下係用認知行為療法(CBTi)嘅放鬆技巧,幫你將腦由「打仗mode」轉做「瞓覺mode」,仲可以減壓同提升健康。
CBTi 同放鬆訓練有咩關係
科學認證嘅失眠療法,專治瞓唔著或瞓得差。
唔使食藥,靠改變諗嘢習慣同行為模式。
重點放鬆身心,打斷「緊張→失眠→更緊張」嘅惡性循環。
額外好處:減壓荷爾蒙(皮質醇)、提升免疫力、心情靚啲。
4 大實用放鬆法
1. 漸進式肌肉放鬆(PMR)
點解work: 收緊再放鬆肌肉,教你分清楚咩叫「緊張vs鬆弛」。
點樣做:
搵個靜局地方瞓低或坐定定。
由腳趾開始,夾實肌肉5秒,然後放鬆10秒。
順序做埋小腿、大髀、patpat、肚腩、心口、背脊、膊頭、手、頸、塊面。
溫馨提示:
呼吸要自然,唔好谷到面紅紅。
邊度痛就skip咗佢,慢慢嚟。
初學可以由腳做到腰先,熟手再玩全身。
2. 深呼吸大法
點解work: 刺激副交感神經,等個身唔再「作戰狀態」。
兩招任揀:
基本腹式呼吸:
手放肚皮,用鼻慢慢吸氣4秒(個肚會脹)。
嘟嘴慢慢呼氣6秒(個肚會凹)。
重複5-10次。
4-7-8進階版:
吸4秒,屏住7秒,呼8秒。
做4-5個循環。
靈活使用: 臨瞓做或返工壓力爆煲時偷雞做都得。
3. 正念冥想
專治: 瞓唔著時個腦仲係「諗埋晒無謂嘢」。
步驟:
瞓低閉眼,專注呼吸(feel吓個鼻嘅氣流)。
走神諗咗聽日返工?唔緊要,溫柔拉返個focus去呼吸度。
高手可以玩「身體掃描」,由頭到腳逐part感受。
小貼士:
開頭做5分鐘都夠,慢慢加時。
配搭雨聲白噪音效果更佳。
4. 輕柔瑜伽三式
適合: 坐咗成日office嘅僵硬打工仔。
推薦動作:
BB式(Child's Pose):
跪坐pat貼腳踭,額頭掂地,雙手向前伸或放兩側。
保持1-5分鐘,鬆晒膊頭同腰背。
靠牆抬腳:
瞓低patpat貼牆,雙腳豎起貼牆。
維持3-5分鐘,幫對腳消腫。
攤屍式(Savasana):
大字型瞓低,手腳微微打開。
專注全身放鬆,5分鐘後直接瞓。
注意: 動作要慢,呼吸配合,著鬆身衫做。
科學原理知多啲
副交感神經被激活,心跳減慢血壓跌。
壓力荷爾蒙下降,褪黑激素上升。
腦電波由活躍beta轉平靜alpha。
打破「緊張→失眠」惡性循環。
實戰建議
時間: 每晚瞓前半粒鐘開始,初學5分鐘起手。
環境: 熄燈關手機 ,可以點香薰蠟燭。
組合技: 瑜伽後深呼吸,再冥想。
個人化: 中意郁就做瑜伽,中意靜就冥想。
常見 Q&A
Q:做做吓瞓著咗正唔正常?
A: 恭喜你,即係方法work。
Q:成日分心點算?
A: 正常,輕輕提醒自己「返嚟呼吸度」就得。
Q:冇時間日日做?
A: 每日抽5分鐘深呼吸都好過冇。
各方法比併
PMR: 最啱肌肉硬邦邦嘅人。
深呼吸: 3分鐘急救用。
冥想: 專治諗太多。
瑜伽: 啱鍾意郁手郁腳嘅你。
真人實測
有個fd連續兩星期晚晚做PMR,而家唔使數綿羊都瞓得著,仲話發夢都開心啲。
總結
放鬆都要練習,頭一兩個星期可能未見效,俾啲耐性,配合睡眠日記觀察進展。
有咩問題隨時問,祝你晚晚好眠。
References
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Rusch, H. L., Rosario, M., Levison, L. M., Olivera, A., Livingston, W. S., Wu, T., & Gill, J. M. (2022). The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 16(1), 1–12. https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-022-00541-y
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