失眠認知行為治療 第08課:放鬆訓練
想同失眠講拜拜?以下係用認知行為療法(CBTi)嘅放鬆技巧,幫你將腦由「打仗mode」轉做「瞓覺mode」,仲可以減壓同提升健康。
CBTi 同放鬆訓練有咩關係
- 科學認證嘅失眠療法,專治瞓唔著或瞓得差。 
- 唔使食藥,靠改變諗嘢習慣同行為模式。 
- 重點放鬆身心,打斷「緊張→失眠→更緊張」嘅惡性循環。 
- 額外好處:減壓荷爾蒙(皮質醇)、提升免疫力、心情靚啲。 
4 大實用放鬆法
1. 漸進式肌肉放鬆(PMR)
- 點解work: 收緊再放鬆肌肉,教你分清楚咩叫「緊張vs鬆弛」。 
- 點樣做: - 搵個靜局地方瞓低或坐定定。 
- 由腳趾開始,夾實肌肉5秒,然後放鬆10秒。 
- 順序做埋小腿、大髀、patpat、肚腩、心口、背脊、膊頭、手、頸、塊面。 
 
- 溫馨提示: - 呼吸要自然,唔好谷到面紅紅。 
- 邊度痛就skip咗佢,慢慢嚟。 
- 初學可以由腳做到腰先,熟手再玩全身。 
 
2. 深呼吸大法
- 點解work: 刺激副交感神經,等個身唔再「作戰狀態」。 
- 兩招任揀: - 基本腹式呼吸: - 手放肚皮,用鼻慢慢吸氣4秒(個肚會脹)。 
- 嘟嘴慢慢呼氣6秒(個肚會凹)。 
- 重複5-10次。 
 
- 4-7-8進階版: - 吸4秒,屏住7秒,呼8秒。 
- 做4-5個循環。 
 
 
- 靈活使用: 臨瞓做或返工壓力爆煲時偷雞做都得。 
3. 正念冥想
- 專治: 瞓唔著時個腦仲係「諗埋晒無謂嘢」。 
- 步驟: - 瞓低閉眼,專注呼吸(feel吓個鼻嘅氣流)。 
- 走神諗咗聽日返工?唔緊要,溫柔拉返個focus去呼吸度。 
- 高手可以玩「身體掃描」,由頭到腳逐part感受。 
 
- 小貼士: - 開頭做5分鐘都夠,慢慢加時。 
- 配搭雨聲白噪音效果更佳。 
 
4. 輕柔瑜伽三式
- 適合: 坐咗成日office嘅僵硬打工仔。 
- 推薦動作: - BB式(Child's Pose): - 跪坐pat貼腳踭,額頭掂地,雙手向前伸或放兩側。 
- 保持1-5分鐘,鬆晒膊頭同腰背。 
 
- 靠牆抬腳: - 瞓低patpat貼牆,雙腳豎起貼牆。 
- 維持3-5分鐘,幫對腳消腫。 
 
- 攤屍式(Savasana): - 大字型瞓低,手腳微微打開。 
- 專注全身放鬆,5分鐘後直接瞓。 
 
 
- 注意: 動作要慢,呼吸配合,著鬆身衫做。 
科學原理知多啲
- 副交感神經被激活,心跳減慢血壓跌。 
- 壓力荷爾蒙下降,褪黑激素上升。 
- 腦電波由活躍beta轉平靜alpha。 
- 打破「緊張→失眠」惡性循環。 
實戰建議
- 時間: 每晚瞓前半粒鐘開始,初學5分鐘起手。 
- 環境: 熄燈關手機,可以點香薰蠟燭。 
- 組合技: 瑜伽後深呼吸,再冥想。 
- 個人化: 中意郁就做瑜伽,中意靜就冥想。 
常見 Q&A
- Q:做做吓瞓著咗正唔正常? - A: 恭喜你,即係方法work。 
 
- Q:成日分心點算? - A: 正常,輕輕提醒自己「返嚟呼吸度」就得。 
 
- Q:冇時間日日做? - A: 每日抽5分鐘深呼吸都好過冇。 
 
各方法比併
- PMR: 最啱肌肉硬邦邦嘅人。 
- 深呼吸: 3分鐘急救用。 
- 冥想: 專治諗太多。 
- 瑜伽: 啱鍾意郁手郁腳嘅你。 
真人實測
- 有個fd連續兩星期晚晚做PMR,而家唔使數綿羊都瞓得著,仲話發夢都開心啲。 
總結
- 放鬆都要練習,頭一兩個星期可能未見效,俾啲耐性,配合睡眠日記觀察進展。 
- 有咩問題隨時問,祝你晚晚好眠。 
References
- Black, D. S., O’Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2019). Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(4), 494–501. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6557693/ 
- Harvard Health Publishing. (2020, June 15). Mindfulness meditation helps fight insomnia, improves sleep. Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/mindfulness-meditation-helps-fight-insomnia-improves-sleep-201502187726 
- Healthline. (2020, August 10). Progressive muscle relaxation: Benefits and how to do it. https://www.healthline.com/health/progressive-muscle-relaxation 
- Healthline. (2024, May 17). Breathing exercises for relaxation and stress relief. https://www.healthline.com/health/breathing-exercise 
- Jerath, R., Beveridge, C., & Barnes, V. A. (2021). How breathing can help reduce stress: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(13), 2897. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8272667/ 
- Mainline Counseling Partners. (2020, October 18). Progressive muscle relaxation: A guide to reducing stress and anxiety. https://mainlinecounselingpartners.com/progressive-muscle-relaxation/ 
- Medical News Today. (2022, November 29). Yoga for stress-related insomnia: Poses and benefits. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/yoga-for-stress-related-insomnia 
- Mindful. (2023, July 13). The ultimate guide to mindfulness for sleep. https://www.mindful.org/the-ultimate-guide-to-mindfulness-for-sleep/ 
- NHS. (2021, February 2). Breathing exercises for stress. National Health Service. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/self-help/guides-tools-and-activities/breathing-exercises-for-stress/ 
- Rusch, H. L., Rosario, M., Levison, L. M., Olivera, A., Livingston, W. S., Wu, T., & Gill, J. M. (2022). The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 16(1), 1–12. https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-022-00541-y 
- Sleep Foundation. (2023, June 13). Yoga and sleep: How yoga can improve your rest. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/physical-activity/yoga-and-sleep 
- Sleep Foundation. (2024, May 7). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia 
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2024, May 1). Progressive muscle relaxation. VA Whole Health Library. https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/progressive-muscle-relaxation.asp 

